IDENTIFYING EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES THAT PROMOTE LONG-TERM LEARNING AND COMPREHENSION
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The concept of metacognition was developed by Brown and John Flavell about 40 years ago (Lin, 2001). Flavell defined metacognition as the knowledge of one’s own cognitive processes (Crain, 1988). This process includes information about when one understands and does not understand, or how one uses existing knowledge to reach a goal, and develop a problem-solving strategy (Gourgey, 1998). Likewise, Costa (1984) defines metacognition as the ability to know what one does not know. Costa also states that some people are unaware of their own thinking processes. Such people cannot explain the steps or strategies they use during the problem-solving action. They cannot verbalise the visual images in their minds. They rarely evaluate the quality of their thinking skills (Ganz & Ganz, 1990). Dirkes (1985) states that students who direct their own thinking generally do three things: associate their previous knowledge with new knowledge, identify thinking skills to solve a problem, and manage their time for learning purposes (Ganz & Ganz, 1990). Dirkes defines this awareness of students as metacognition. This awareness affects the understanding of what is learned and how the new knowledge can be used to solve a problem, as well as development of effective learning, development of critical thinking and problem-solving
Here we have collected a list of the best websites that explain what metacognition is and how it can be used to help learners plan and manage their learning to get the best results.
These are a few websites that we recommend:
https://cft.vanderbilt.edu/guides-sub-pages/metacognition/
https://www.lifescied.org/doi/full/10.1187/cbe.20-12-0289
Setting goals , evaluateing your progress in acheiving theses goals, figuring out what worked well and what did not work these are all metacognitive questions that should be asked during a learning process
The following artcle is a study of the approaches of two students in their study for a biology test one student exibits very good metacognitive skills while the other has no metacognitive skills
Have you ever read something and then later discovered that you had missed something in the reading?
Have you ever thought you would remember something and later discovered you have forgotten it?
When you develop metacognative skills you will be able to manage your learning and memory.
You will become more aware of the things you are having difficulty learning and remembering. When you become aware of these difficultirs you become more aware of your abilities as a learner, you will be able to plan and monitor your progress in every learning situation or in every situation where you need to rely on memory . Once you are aware of your capabilities and limitations you will be able to better use your strenghth and build strategies that will help you deal with the tasks you need to handle.
knowing what you do not know is a metacognative skill